Role of Hypertension and Metabolic Abnormalities in the Development of Diabetic Nephropathy among Egyptian Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetic nephropathy is one of the most severe diabetic micro-angiopathies. Various factors are involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy including, interactions between metabolic and haemodynamic factors, as well as genetic susceptibility to develop nephropathy. This study aims to evaluate the role of metabolic abnormalities and hypertension in the development of chronic renal failure among type 2 diabetic cases. The measurement of fasting blood sugar (FBS), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), total cholesterol, triglycerids (TGs), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), creatinine (Cr) and urinary albumin was done. This study included 90 type 2 diabetic patients (mean age: 57.47 ± 0.77 year, male/female: 30/60) and 30 non diabetic healthy volunteers served as control (mean age: 51.17 ± 1.07 year, male/female: 8/22). Diabetic patients were further divided into 2 main groups: patients without nephropathy, (n =30) and those with nephropathy, (n = 60) who were subdivided into: micro-albuminuric and macro-albuminuric patients. Diabetic patients with nephropathy were older, more obese and had higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DSP). Diabetic patients also exhibited higher blood glucose, HbA1c and lipid profile, as well as increased serum creatinine and urinary albumin concentrations, which in all tended to be markedly pronounced in diabetic patients with macro-albuminuria (overt renal failure). The study concluded that obesity, hypertension and metabolic abnormalities are risk factors related to prevalence of nephropathy among diabetic subjects and for individual differences in its onset and severity. It is therefore possible to prevent the increasing prevalence of diabetic nephropathy by improving these factors. [Azza M. El-Wakf; Tarek M. Abbas ;Rizk A. El-Baz and Wafaa A. Mohammed. Role of Hypertension and Metabolic Abnormalities in the Development of Diabetic Nephropathy among Egyptian Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Nature and Science 2011; 7(9): 220-228].(ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature